Decoding the Baby Products Label: What Every Parent Should Know

Estimated Reading Time: 32 miutes

Navigating the baby care aisle can be overwhelming. Every bottle features a list of claims such as gentle, natural, dermatologist tested, organic, chemical-free, etc., but it is difficult to know which ones to believe because they all appear similar upon first glance. When you read the back of the bottle and see the fine print, you may become even more confused.

Table of Content: Baby Skin Basics Must-Have Ingredients Ingredients to Avoid Reading the INCI Label Baby-Safe Preservatives Natural vs Synthetic Fragrance & Oils Certifications Explained Storage & Hygiene Tips Choosing Wisely

Understanding the baby product labels is much more empowering than confusing once you realize that they are not just legal formalities. The label shows you what will come in contact with your baby’s soft and delicate skin every single day.

Understand Baby Skin

To make sense of product labels, it is important to first understand what is special about baby skin.

Key Characteristics of Baby Skin

Newborn skin is not simply "smaller adult skin". Studies conducted in dermatology establish that newborn skin has several vital distinctions from that of a mature person:

1. The Epidermis is thinner: Newborn epidermis can be as or even 20-30% thinner than mature epidermis making newborn epidermis significantly more susceptible to injury.

2. Much more permeable: Newborn epidermis will allow entrance of topical ingredients more readily than mature epidermis, allowing for the systemic absorption of the product.

3. The Barrier Properties of Newborn Skin Are Less Mature: In the first 1-2 years of life, there will be an intrinsic maturation of the corneocyte (top surface of the skin), which affects its ability to withstand environmental assaults.

4. Lower Level of Natural Lipid: Newborns produce very low amounts of natural oils on the outer surface to protect against dehydration, making their skin much more susceptible to dry and/or irritated skin.

5. Developing Microbiome: The healthy distribution of bacteria on the surface of newborn skin continues to evolve.

The chemicals that have been found to be safe for adult use, when used in very small quantities, can overwhelm and damage newborn skin. This is the reason why ingredient declarations on product labels are so important for babies compared to typical adult skincare products.

Must-Have Ingredients in Baby Care Products

Typically, when you look at baby product labels, you'll notice that most companies use less complicated, very gentle, and specific types of ingredients. Typically, babies don’t need a long list of ingredients in their products nor do they require any strong active ingredients to help support the delicate nature of the skin.

Gentle Cleansers

The skin of a baby is much thinner than that of an adult, and their protective barrier is very small. Because of this, when baby products come into contact with baby skin (especially harsh surfactants), they are more likely to cause dryness, irritation, or rashes. Research on infant dermatitis consistently shows that aggressive cleansing weakens barrier function and increases transepidermal water loss (TEWL).

Therefore, the best option for baby is to look for a mild, plant-based cleanser such as:

1. Coco-glucoside - A non-ionic coconut-based surfactant that cleans skin well while causing little or no damage to the skin of a baby. Studies show it causes significantly less irritation compared to sulfates and maintains skin barrier integrity.

2. Decyl glucoside - Has low potential for irritation to the skin of a baby; creates a foamy lather that does not remove the baby’s natural oils from the skin.

3. Sodium cocoyl isethionate - A creamier, non-sulfate surfactant that leaves the skin feeling soft and not tight/dry.

Natural Moisturizers

Hydration is essential for baby products because babies lose moisture more quickly than adults do. The ideal moisturizer is the one that closely mimics the natural lipids of the skin (the oils the body produces). The product must also strengthen your skin barrier.

 

 

 

Some common beneficial oils found in moisturizers include:

1. Coconut oil: Light and nourishing with antimicrobial properties, coconut oil helps to retain moisture and relieve very mild dryness.

2. Shea butter: Rich in fatty acids and vitamins, also provides long-lasting hydration; protects skin from environmental factors (stressors).

3. Almond oil: Has soothing properties, gently softens and moisturises dry and sensitive skin; is high in vitamin E.

4. Sunflower seed oil: Clinical studies confirm that it improves skin barrier function and decreases transepidermal water loss, especially in infants. Clinical studies in neonates show it improves skin barrier function and reduces TEWL more effectively than olive oil.

Ingredients to Avoid in Baby Care Products

Knowing what not to look for in baby products is just as important as knowing the good things that should be included. The skin of infants is much more sensitive and absorbs things much more easily than an adult. Therefore, some of the typical ingredients used in adult products may be too harsh for babies.

Harsh Sulfates 

Sulfates are very strong cleansers that can remove natural oil from the skin and damage the skin’s barrier.

The following are ingredients that should be avoided:

• Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)

• Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)

Due to their drying properties, they may also cause irritation and in some cases may cause eczema in babies if they are used multiple times per day for an extended period of time.

Why are they harmful 

1. Damaged barrier: Sulfates remove protective natural oils, which makes baby's undeveloped skin barriers more susceptible to damage.

2. Excessive dryness: Loss of lipids results in greater transepidermal water loss (TEWL).

3. Scientific studies: Dermatologists have linked the use of sulfate-based products to increased irritation and eczema flare ups in infants.

Artificial Fragrances

The use of "fragrance" or "parfum" on a bottle of baby products often means it contains multiple undisclosed chemical ingredients.

It is always safer for babies to use products that are fragrance-free or naturally scented.

Why are they harmful 

Fragrance products contain complex mixtures of many undisclosed chemicals; some may be allergens. Infants are at a high risk of developing a sensitization due to the much younger immune and skin systems of infants than of adults.

Many research studies have also shown that fragrances are one of the top causes of allergic reactions in infants.

• Possible skin allergies and/or irritation

• Possible headaches and/or respiratory issues

• No benefit to baby's skin, just scent
  

Parabens

Parabens are used in many products as a preservative to prolong the shelf life of a product. Because parabens can disrupt hormones, they have been the subject of some studies that have raised concern.

Common parabens you will find in products and why they are harmful 

• Methylparaben

Methylparaben prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi in skin care products; although it is less harsh than other parabens, the skin of a baby is thinner and has more permeability than that of an adult, allowing the ingredient to enter the body more easily. Small amounts of methylparaben can be absorbed through an infant's skin, raising concerns regarding additional chemical exposure during critical early development periods.

• Propylparaben

This ingredient is commonly found in lotions and creams. Baby products will generally not include propylparaben as the research indicates that propylparaben can disrupt hormone (endocrine) function and given that the hormone and immune system of an infant are still being developed, using propylparaben is not in the best interest of an infant.

• Butylparaben

Butylparaben is among the most troubling ingredients in baby skincare due to its properties that resemble estrogen more closely and are absorbed much more readily by fragile infant skin. Research studies suggest potential reproductive and development consequences from exposure to butylparaben, indicating that it is not safe for use in baby care products because of the need for safety to be at least two times greater than for adults.

Research from 2018 suggests that the long-term exposure to parabens throughout a person’s life may affect their metabolism and hormone regulation, so you may want to reduce your child’s exposure early in childhood.

Phthalates

Phthalates can be found hidden in synthetic fragrances and have been connected to developmental and hormonal issues. They may be found in:

• Diethyl phthalate (DEP) - can be listed indirectly as "fragrance"

By selecting products with an identifiable label indicating phthalate-free, you can provide your child with additional protection.

Why are they harmful 

Endocrine-disrupting effects. Phthalates disrupt normal hormonal signalling, with known effects on children's health and development, particularly with regard to exposed infants.

Their presence is often concealed through the general term "fragrance"; as a result, phthalates are rarely mentioned in any obvious fashion.

Studies of children and epidemiological studies link the early exposure of children to phthalates to future developmental and behavioural problems.

Alcohols that are very drying to the skin

Not all alcohols are bad, however, some can cause excessive dryness and irritation to a baby's skin. You should avoid the following:

• Ethanol

• Isopropanol

Why are they harmful 

1. Excessive drying: Alcohol evaporates quickly, stripping moisture from baby skin.

2. Barrier disruption: Repeated exposure can compromise lipid structure.

Research evidence: Pediatric skincare studies show increased irritation and dryness with frequent alcohol-based product use.

Understanding the INCI Label

The INCI or International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients is a universal naming system for cosmetic products that allows you to see exactly what’s in a product from all parts of the world. The label will contain an extensive list of ingredients with many different names. The INCI label is there to help you make an educated decision on what you are putting on your child’s skin by allowing you to see precisely what’s in a product rather than by just being told how they’ve marketed it as gentle or natural to you on the front label. By learning how to read the INCI label, you will be able to look past the marketing claims and see if the ingredients in a product are safe to use on your child’s skin.

Why is INCI important to infant cosmetics?

The significance of INCI when it comes to baby products is multifaceted:

1) Baby skin is more permeable than an adult's.

2) There are no stringent regulations related to the use of 'marketing' claims.

3) Ingredient names may have different meanings depending on their region/language.

By providing a scientific/nomenclature based on each ingredient's compatibility with humans INCI eliminates confusion with respect to ingredient identification and allows more accurate identification and assessment of potential skin irritants or allergens.

How Parents are Protected by INCI Against Marketing Claims

Examples of front label marketing claims include:

• Herbal

• Ayurvedic

• Natural Inspired

• Chemical Free

These terms have no regulated definition and therefore can legally be used by manufacturers for products that contain synthetic preservatives, fragrances, and/or surfactants.

Why does the Position of an INCI ingredient on an INCI label matter?

The ingredients are classified on the INCI label in descending order of their concentration- for example:

• The first five or six ingredients will account for the most significant portion of the entire product. 

• The last few ingredients on the list will account for the least amount of the entire product.

In products marketed to infants or babies, this order can be incredibly important. If a harmful ingredient is found towards the top of the list, then an infant’s skin may come into contact with a high concentration of that ingredient; however, if a beneficial ingredient is found towards the end of the list, then it may not work very well.

Example: If “Sodium Lauryl Sulfate” is listed within the first three ingredients in a product, that product is likely too harsh for the skin of an infant or child, regardless of any description written on the label (such as “gentle”).

Indian Common Names vs INCI Names (Important for Parents)

Many parents recognize ingredients by their traditional or Indian names, but labels list only INCI terms. Understanding this mapping helps bridge that gap.

Knowing this prevents brands from “hiding” ingredients behind unfamiliar names.

Identifying Unseen Ingredients with the INCI

Some ingredients are difficult to see unless you know where to look:

• Fragrance/Parfum - May contain phthalates

• Preservative Blends may be formaldehyde-releasing chemicals.

• Plant Extracts can still be Ethyl Alcohol based.

The INCI will assist in:

• Finding undisclosed Fragrance Chemicals

• Using many preservatives together

• Disguised alcohols used as Plant Solvents.
  

Baby Safe Preservatives 

Even though preservatives may seem frightening, they play an important role in caring for babies' skin through the use of baby care products. Since preservatives prevent products from growing bacteria, mold and/or yeast, without preservatives, baby care products are much more likely to put a baby at risk for the types of bacteria and/or fungi found on their skin.

Why We Need Preservatives

Most baby care products have either oil, water or plant extracts; these three common product ingredients create the potential for bacteria and mold to grow. Baby safe preservatives help to keep the baby care product free from bacteria, stable and safe for the duration of use.

Common Baby Safe Preservatives

The following preservatives are generally accepted as baby safe preservatives when used within the regulated limit:

1. Potassium sorbate - The potassium salt of sorbic acid, commonly used to prevent mold and yeast growth in cosmetics and foods.

Why Potassium Sorbate is Considered safe

Research studies and safety assessments show that potassium sorbate has a low potential for skin irritation when used at low levels. Potassium sorbate is environmentally friendly as it breaks down quickly in the environment. It is also frequently used in products designed for babies or sensitive skin.

Safety evaluations conducted by cosmetic regulation agencies confirm that potassium sorbate is safe when used at the low concentrations normally found in cosmetic products.

2. Sodium benzoate - The sodium salt of benzoic acid, used as a preservative in foods and cosmetics.

Reasons why it is deemed a safe substance:

Sodium benzoate is considered to be a safe cosmetic ingredient based on its extensive and successful history of being used for many years as well as its thorough regulatory review.

The CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) panel evaluated sodium benzoate (as well as other forms of benzoic acid) and concluded that sodium benzoate and other benzoic acid formulations can be safely used in cosmetic formulations at levels typically used (i.e., much less than 5%).

3. Benzyl alcohol (in lower concentrations) - An aromatic alcohol that serves as a preservative and also acts as a solvent in cosmetic products.

Reasons it's regarded as 'safe' for cosmetics:

Regulatory evaluations have been conducted with no safety indicators for using benzyl alcohol for cosmetic purposes at the normal concentrations (again typically ≤ 5%).

This ingredient also contains mild antibacterial or fungicidal properties, preventing bacteria or fungus from growing in cosmetic formulations more effectively than would harsher preservatives at lower dosages (without having significant irritation potential).

4. Dehydroacetic acid - A preservative often used with benzyl alcohol; it is chemically distinct and provides fungicidal and bactericidal activity.

Why it is believed to be safe:

A panel of independent experts referred to as the "CIR Panel" has concluded that each of the two versions of dehydroacetic acid (the acid itself and sodium dehydroacetate) is safe and that it should be used in cosmetics only at certain approved usage levels.

Long-term use of dehydroacetic acid in cosmetics and being identified on various regulatory lists of substances allowed for cosmetic use at designated concentrations supports the conclusion that it has a favorable safety profile.

These preservatives are either derived from nature or are similar in molecular structure to the skin and are commonly used in baby care products.

Preservatives to avoid in  Baby Products

1. Formaldehyde- Releasing Preservatives

Are slowly released over time and cause irritation to both your skin and your airways.

The names listed below are examples of common preservatives found on labels of many products:

•  DMDM Hydantoin

•  Diazolidinyl Urea

•  Imidazolidinyl Urea

•  Quaternium-15

Why are they harmful 

These preservatives gradually release formaldehyde into the product, thereby preventing microbial growth. It is known that formaldehyde can cause sensitization of the skin and allergic contact dermatitis in people who have not developed an immune response, such as infants.

Research Insight 

Studies on clinical dermatology have linked exposure to formaldehyde with exacerbation of eczema and chronic skin irritation. Formaldehyde has been classified as a carcinogen and is strictly regulated in many countries due to the potential hazards associated with its use.

2. Phenoxyethanol (High Concentrations)

Allowed up to a limited concentration in some areas; however, may be irritating to the skin or put undue stress on the nervous system if they are overused on infants; particularly when used in a leave-on product.

The potential issues of phenoxyethanol

While phenoxyethanol is usually sold as a milder alternative to other preservative agents, at high levels it may be an irritant to the skin and can affect a child's nervous system before he/she reaches maturity; this is due to babies not having fully developed (mature) liver enzymes that enable them to efficiently metabolise substances like phenoxyethanol.

Related research

According to both the European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety and US Federal Drug Administration guidelines, the concentration of phenoxyethanol should be limited to 1% or less. This is particularly important when producing products designed for children and infants.

3. Isothiazolinones (MIT / CMIT)

Strong sensitizers that can cause allergic contact dermatitis at very low concentrations. Generally not recommended for inclusion in any baby product.

Why they are damaging

Both methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone are extremely potent preservatives that have high potential to produce allergic reactions to users even after very little exposure. Infants especially can have their skins sensitized by only minimal amounts of either methylisothiazolinone or methylchloroisothiazolinone.

Studies in dermatology on the increase of incidence of contact dermatitis among adults due to the use of these two preservatives have resulted in the banning of both preservatives from use in leave-on products for babies in the European Union.

Natural vs Synthetic Ingredients

When parents read labels on baby products, they may be unsure if “natural” means better than "synthetic." There is no simple answer; in most cases, it’s complex but ultimately a lot easier for parents to understand

Natural ingredients in cosmetics come directly from plants, minerals, animals, or other naturally occurring sources. Think botanical extracts, plant oils, minerals like mica, honey, or essential oils. They’re sourced from nature and undergo minimal processing before being incorporated into your skincare.

Within the context of Indian origin, the term "natural" is frequently equated with Ayurveda, herbal and plant derived products. An example of this would be the use of aloe vera, neem, turmeric, tulsi, rice water or flower waters as the main component ingredients.

However, even natural ingredients are usually processed in a lab at some stage, through extraction, standardisation, or preservation, so natural does not mean untouched.

Common natural ingredients in Baby Care Products

1. Jojoba Oil - Closely resembles the skin's natural sebum, one of our skin’s natural oils, and helps to balance moisture without blocking pores.

2. Calendula Extract- Known for its anti-inflammatory properties and is often used for diaper rashes and sensitive skin.

3. Chamomile Extract- Helps to calm the skin and relieve redness. It is especially beneficial for reactive and sensitive skin in babies.

4. Rice Bran Oli- This oil is nourishing without being heavy; it helps to support your baby’s skin barrier while helping retain moisture.

5. Avocado Oil - Rich in Vitamins A, D and E; it helps to heal dry or damaged skin.

6. Plant-derived Glycerin- A natural substance that helps draw moisture into the skin, thus preventing it from drying out.

7. Beeswax (in small quantities)- Forms a protective barrier around your baby’s skin so they can breathe easily.

8. Cocoa Butter- Very moisturizing and protective; it’s particularly helpful in extremely dry conditions.

9. Mineral-based Zinc Oxide- A common ingredient found in diaper creams because it protects the skin from being wet, helping to prevent irritation.

All of these ingredients have been selected because they support your baby’s developing skins’ barrier and are well tolerated overall.

Benefits of Using Natural Ingredients For Infants

1. Gentle on Delicate skin: Natural ingredients tend to be more gentle on skin because they are made with less irritating ingredients than synthetic products. Infants’ skin is much thinner than adults, so they require gentler and more sensitive solutions. Natural ingredients will not only be more beneficial to babies’ delicate skin but will not be irritating at all.

2. Supports Skin Barrier: Plant-Based Oils and Butters provide your baby with the necessary nourishment to develop healthy skin; this includes helping strengthen their protective barrier and retain moisture.

3. Similar to natural skin lipids: Many Natural Ingredients have similar lipid compositions (i.e. fats) to those found in your baby’s own skin, allowing for easy penetration without damaging the delicate nature of their skin.

4. Provide Nourishing Benefits: Natural ingredients are beneficial to overall skin health (not just surface hydration), providing your baby with a variety of vitamins and soothing agents.

5. Reduced Risk of Build-Up: Natural ingredients that are used appropriately present a lower risk for developing build-up from long term exposure, therefore making them appropriate for regular use on your child’s skin.

Synthetic Ingredients 

Synthetic ingredients are substances that are created or significantly modified in a laboratory, often starting from natural raw materials, to achieve specific performance, purity and consistency.

Synthetic components are typically included in baby care product formulations for reasons such as: stabilizing the formulation, preserving its quality, and providing desirable characteristics. They may not be harmful in themselves but there is potential for harm to a child or baby when there is no need for synthetic ingredients, based on the purpose for which they were added.

Common Synthetic Ingredients Found in Baby Products

• Parabens (methylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben)- preservatives

• SLS/SLES (Sodium Lauryl/Laureth Sulfate)- harsh foaming agents

• Phthalates - often hidden in fragrances

• Synthetic fragrances - undisclosed chemical blends

• Artificial dyes and colorants

We’ve already explored this earlier while discussing ingredients to avoid in baby skincare, including why components such as strong preservatives and parabens are generally discouraged in baby care products.

Reasons why Synthetic Ingredients are Included

Some of the common reasons why manufacturers include synthetic ingredients in baby care products include:

• To improve the shelf life of a product

• To prevent the growth of bacteria or fungus.

• To maintain the same texture, colour or fragrance.

• To reduce manufacturing costs and provide product availability.

Lastly, synthetic ingredients can make products more accessible and longer lasting.

Issues Regarding Use of Synthetic Ingredients

While it's true that some synthetic ingredients can cause problems, especially infants with sensitive skin, here are some common issues that synthetic ingredients may cause:

1. Some synthetic ingredients can irritate the skin or cause an allergic reaction.

2. Some synthetic ingredients are still being debated regarding their long-term effects when used on infants.

3. Infants absorb substances better than adults.

4. If you use too much of a synthetic ingredient, you may disrupt your infant's natural skin barrier or microbiome.

So, although not all synthetic ingredients are harmful, many look alike may differ in terms of individual sensitivities.

Natural vs Synthetic: Which is Better for Baby Care?

There is no definitive answer to whether or not any given ingredient is safe for a baby. The most important factor is how an ingredient interacts with a baby's skin and how well it has been incorporated into a product's formulation.

 

 

 

What Truly Matters More Than the Label

1. Ingredient function - why an ingredient is in a particular product; what it does.

2. Concentration used - even gentle ingredients can create problems if too much is used.

3. Frequency of application - products that are used every day require more care in their selection than products that are not.

4. Scientific evidence - how much research has been done on this ingredient and whether it is considered safe for a baby.

Natural ingredients and plant-derived products are typically the best choices for baby care items such as lotion, oil, soap and powder. They typically perform well with developing skin barriers and will not be as irritating or overwhelming to a sensitive skin.

While synthetic ingredients are sometimes needed- especially for preserving, stabilizing, and making products safe to use- they should be:

• Used in moderation and only when really needed.

• Based on thorough research with known safety data

• Approved by the appropriate authorities

• Clearly listed on the product label so consumers know what they are buying.

Plant-Based Alternatives to Harsh Chemical Ingredients

Many baby-safe products today use plant-based alternatives that perform similar functions without unnecessary harshness.

Gentle Alternatives Commonly Used in Baby Products:

Instead of synthetic fragrances

• Chamomile extract

• Calendula extract

• Naturally unscented formulas

Instead of harsh sulfates (SLS/SLES)

• Coco-glucoside

• Decyl glucoside

• Sodium cocoyl isethionate

Instead of mineral oil

• Sunflower oil

• Coconut oil

• Jojoba oil

Instead of talc

• Cornstarch (properly formulated)

• Arrowroot

• Rice starch

The use of these alternatives will be more compatible with the physiology of the skin of infants and less likely to cause skin irritation.

Fragrance & Essential Oils in Baby Products

Fragrance is one of the most common reasons babies have skin irritations, but it is also one of the least understood ingredients on baby product labels. Synthetic fragrance and natural essential oils both need to be used carefully on babies' delicate skin.

Why Fragrance can be Problematic for Babies

A baby's skin is delicate, and because their skin is thinner and more porous than adult skin, as well as still developing its natural protective barrier, fragrance can do damage by:

• Giving your baby skin irritation, redness or rashes.

• Increasing your baby's chance of developing an allergy to fragrances over time

• Damaging your baby's natural skin barrier- which leads to dryness.

In addition, "fragrance" or "parfum" on the label may indicate a mixture of many different chemicals that do not have to be listed individually.

Synthetic Fragrances

While synthetic fragrances are created to smell consistently for extended periods of time:

• They have the potential to contain fragrance allergens.

• They may cover up the scent of toxic chemicals in products rather than reduce their toxicity.

• Even small amounts can elicit a reaction from hypersensitive babies.

Although regulated by government agencies, synthetic fragrances should be avoided in leave-on baby care items.

A 2018 study of 533 baby products found that almost half contain fragrances or perfumes.

Essential Oils: Natural but not Necessarily Gentle

Because they are from the plant source, many people believe that essential oils are a safer alternative to fragrance oils; however, this is not necessarily true for babies.

Essential oils tend to be highly concentrated.

Certain essential oils including peppermint, eucalyptus, tea tree and clove can irritate a baby's delicate skin or affect his/her respiration.

Using essential oils derived from citrus fruits (or their peels) can result in increased photosensitivity.

If you do decide to use essential oils, use a very diluted version of them and do not use them directly on your baby. Limit your use of essential oils to rinse off products.

Types of “Essential Oils” That Are Not Truly Natural

There are several varieties of "essential oils" labelled as pure plant extracts (essential oils) which are not true plant extracts. A lot of parents do not realise it, but these can fit into 3 general categories:

Nature-Identical Essential Oils:

Nature-identical essential oils are synthetically manufactured compounds created to replicate the chemical structures of naturally occurring essential oils.

They have a similar aroma to the pure essential oils but are made in laboratories, rather than extracted from whole plants.

Synthetic essential oils are used to provide a consistent product, to reduce costs, and to extend shelf life.

Synthetically created essential oils are biologically active as natural plant extracts and can irritate babies whose skin is sensitive.

Examples:

• Nature-identical lavender oil

• Nature-identical rose oil

• Nature-identical jasmine oil

Reconstituted or Standardised Essential Oils

Those essential oils in which the natural variability of the oil has been removed and replaced with the use of selected and manufactured aroma components to smell the same in every batch.

Examples:

• Reconstituted bergamot oil

• Standardised lemon oil

• Standardised orange oil
  

Essential Oil Blends with Synthetic Fixatives

Some essential oils are combined with synthetic fixatives or stabilisers to prolong the duration of the fragrance.

The synthetic materials may not always be labeled. Using these additional materials can increase the risk of skin irritation or allergic reactions. When "essential oils" or "aromas" are labelled, there is no way to determine which of the 3 types of essential oil has been used.

Examples:

• Lavender oil blended with synthetic musk

• Citrus oils combined with phthalate-based fixatives

• Floral oil blends with synthetic aroma stabilisers
  

Certifications & Safety Claims on Baby Products Labels

Labels of baby products will often contain certifications and safety claims to provide parents with peace of mind about the use of the product. Not all certifications and safety claims have equal value, though. Knowing what they actually mean, will help you differentiate between true safety standards as opposed to simply marketing language.

Here are some examples of safety claims that are common on baby product labels: 

• Dermatologically tested

• Hypoallergenic

• Clinically tested

• Pediatrician approved 

Although these can instill a degree of comfort, these phrases are not necessarily regulated. In many cases, brands test their product using different standards than what other companies use and therefore may obtain different results.

Organic vs Natural Claims

“Organic” means that the ingredients used have been raised without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers (if they are certified)

“Natural” does not have a standard definition; therefore, it can include chemicals and additives that have undergone processing.

Always confirm that the claim is supported with a third-party certification logo.

Examples of Misleading or Ambiguous Claims to Consider

• “Chemical-free” (since almost every single substance in the world is a chemical)

• “100% safe” (no product can have 0% risk)

• “Ayurvedic-inspired” or “Herbal” - often no clear label or explanation of contents

Often, these terms are more indicative of the branding of a product rather than the quality of its ingredients.

Certifications & Labels with Real Value

While certified products cannot assure that they will meet the needs of all babies, notable certifications and standards denote higher quality ingredient sourcing and processing, transparency of ingredient formulation, and safety of manufacturing facilities.

1. COSMOS/ECOCERT

COSMOS refers to the COSMetic Organic Standard and ECOCERT is an independent global certifier recognized worldwide.

These certifications assess how ingredients were sourced, how they were processed, and the rules that apply to the final product formulation (such as whether or not preservatives used have been approved and if harsh chemicals were used in any part of the process).

2. USDA Organic

USDA stands for the United States Department of Agriculture and is a government entity that provides oversight to the organic farming regulations. It states that the majority of USDA Organic items are from agricultural sources and that they are grown without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.

3. GMP and ISO

GMP refers to Good Manufacturing Practices, which is one type of standard. ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization which is another type of standard but is recognized worldwide (and has a standardization process).

Both GMP and ISO are related to manufacturing and testing requirements in the production of product; they are intended to ensure that products are produced in a clean and safe environment, with consistent quality.

Allergy/sensitive testing

These terms refer to whether or not products can be considered to have been tested for allergies or sensitivity to skin or other types of skin, such as sensitive. These tests are done by independent referring laboratories, to determine which products are appropriate for babies who have delicate or sensitive skin.

Storage, Shelf Life & Hygiene of Baby Care Products

When dealing with baby skin (which is delicate) and infants’ immune systems (which are still developing), product storage/use can be just as important as the ingredients in a baby product. Baby products must remain hygienic or else even the healthiest product could become unsafe.

Shelf Life: How to read Dates and Symbols

1. Expiration or Use-By Date

The expiration or use-by date is the last day that the baby product is guaranteed to be safe (if not opened).Over time after an expiration date, preservatives may begin to break down and micro-organisms may begin to grow.

Baby products should never be used after the expiration date regardless of how the baby products smell or how they look.

2. PAO Symbol (Period After Opening)

The PAO symbol, which looks like an open jar (i.e., 6M, 12M), provides an indication of how long after opening the product will be safe for use. It is best to keep a baby product used after it has opened to the shortest possible PAO date.

Tip: Write the date you opened the bottle/products to help remember when you opened it.

Where and how you store baby items will matter

Best Storage Conditions:

• A cooler, dry area.

• Away from sunlight.

• Lids on tightly when not in use.

Heat and humidity could:

• Cause active ingredients to break down.

• Cause preservatives to lose their effectiveness.

• Encourage the growth of bacteria.

Do not store items:

• In a bathroom that has high humidity levels.

• Near windows or heating devices.

• In a vehicle.
  

Hygiene in Use - Small Changes have a Great Deal of Impact

1. Hand Hygiene

Always wash your hands prior to applying any creams, ointments, or lotions. Babies can easily get germs from the hands of caregivers (the caregivers' hands can be a source of infection for the baby).

2. Avoid Double Dipping

Do NOT double dip your fingers into jars.

Use pump bottles, or squeeze tubes in place of jars. If a jar is used, ensure that a clean spatula is used to retrieve the product from the jar.

3. Shared Products = Increased Risk

Do not share baby products with other siblings (the risk of infection will be increased due to the increased risk of cross-contamination with jars and balms).

Choosing Baby Care Products Wisely

When you read a label on a baby product, you do not need to know every ingredient; you just need to understand how to make calm and informed decisions that fit your baby’s needs regarding skin, age and where he or she will use it.

The less the Better 

Your baby doesn’t need complicated baby skincare. Look for products with an ingredient list that is short and simple in order to reduce the risk of irritation or sensitivity. If there are fewer ingredients, there will be fewer chances of causing irritation/sensitivity due to that ingredient.

Do not choose a product that claims to have many "added" benefits. A simple label often indicates that the product was thoughtfully created.

Choose what your baby needs 

Not every product is for every single baby.

For instance:

1. Dry Baby Skin - Use only gentle moisturizers with minimal use of soap.

2. Sensitive Baby Skin - Use only products that do not contain any fragrance or essential oils.

3. Diaper Area - Use only lotions that contain a barrier and NOT perfumed lotions!

Therefore, the label should only be used to tell you how/when to use the item, not to require an unnecessary routine.

Be wary of Marketing Claims

Terms such as:

• Natural

• Chemical-free

• Clinically proven

are not regulated the same as an ingredient. You should always check the INCI list and confirm the claim on the front label.

Look for Transparency Not Perfection

An appropriate label identifies: the complete list of ingredients, the period for which the product is suitable, directions on how to use and store the product. No use of vague terminology, instead of using honesty to establish trust and reassurance than through protracted periods of certification alone.

Certifications are only one piece of the puzzle

Although certifications provide guidelines by which to establish safety standards for personal care and beauty products, they are only a reference to use along with ingredient knowledge. The way your baby’s skin reacts is the most important thing.

Trust your observations, not your assumptions

No matter how well a product may appear to be in relation to safety, always do the following:

• Patch test the product.

• Apply the product gradually.

• Discontinue using the product at any sign of irritation.

What works for one baby may not necessarily work for another (i.e., every baby has different skin).

FAQs 

1. How do I know if a baby product is truly gentle?

Look for dermatologist approval, transparent ingredient lists, and absence of harsh chemicals, and how it reacts on your baby's skin.

2. Why is it critical to read the label on baby products?

A baby's skin is thinner and more absorbent than that of an adult, making it more sensitive to irritants. The label provides parents with the information about the products that touch their baby's skin directly and if those products are gentle, needed and appropriate for age

3. Are the labels of natural or organic baby products considered safer for babies?

Not necessarily. "Natural" and "organic" can also be used as marketing phrases with little or no regulation; therefore a "natural" product may still contain strong essential oils and/or may contain allergens. Parents should always review the ingredient label in full (INCI) rather than just the front of the package.

4. What does "INCI" mean on Baby Product Labels?

The International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (or INCI) standardizes how cosmetics are labeled around the world. Therefore, it is possible for parents to clearly identify ingredients within a product, even when those same products may be offered in various countries.

5. Are all Synthetic Ingredients the same?

No, but some synthetic ingredients are added to many baby products in very small quantities for safety, stability or preservation purposes (i.e., some preservatives). Parents need to be mindful when selecting products made with synthetic fragrance, strong preservatives or superfluous additives. Overall, how something is made is more important than labeling whether or not a product is 'natural' or 'synthetic'.

6. Can a product be safe but still unsuitable for daily use?

Absolutely. Some ingredients are safe when used occasionally but may cause irritation with daily or long-term use. This is especially relevant for fragranced products, powders, and certain preservatives when used repeatedly on baby skin.

7. How can I tell whether the preservatives in my baby's products are safe for them?

A safe to use preservative should not irritate your baby and therefore will not be used at high levels. Preservative labels should include correct names of all used preservatives. In addition, you cannot rely on vague phrases like "self-preserving," because they do not provide the safety information you need.

Conclusion 

When you read the labels on products for babies, you have an opportunity to show your child that you care about their wellbeing. You will be more able to choose what you believe is right for your baby if you are aware of the ingredients in the products you are purchasing for him or her. Make your decision based on the values that matter most to you - simplicity, transparency, and informed decision-making, rather than current trends or marketing hype. Choose products that are safe, based on knowledge, trust in science, and trust in your instincts.

Recommended Products by Blue Nectar:

Shubhr Baby Massage Oil with Natural Ghee and Almond for Growth & Nourishment (13 Herbs)

Baby Hair Oil with Ghee for Nourishment and Baby Hair Growth(18 Herbs)

Kumkumadi Baby Body Oil with Organic Ghee for Glowing Skin(17 herbs)

Niraa Baby Body Lotion with Natural Ghee for Nourished Skin (12 herbs)

Niraa Baby Body Wash with Natural Ghee | No Tear Hydration (9 herbs, 200ml)

Related Articles:

Homemade Baby Products: Gentle, Natural DIY Care for Your Baby’s Delicate Skin

How Babies Were Raised in Ancient Times: Gentle Traditions of Ayurvedic Baby Care

References:

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4593874/

https://www.healthline.com/health/baby/baby-skin-care-ingredients

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28070970/

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5df7610ce5274a090e4827f5/Aqueous_cream_contains_sodium_lauryl_sulfate_which_may_cause_skin_reactions__particularly_in_children_with_eczema.pdf

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40521-014-0027-8